Internal hemorrhoids begin with the appearance of unclear discomfort in the intestines and perianal region. Most people ignore them and do not rush to the doctor, but only during this period the disease can be cured by conservative methods.

Causes of internal hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids develop with circulatory disorders in the rectum at the exit of the anal canal. On this site under the mucous membrane are hemorrhoidal plexuses - vascular clusters called cavernous tissue. They are held by muscles and connective fibers. When gases, feces accumulate in the intestines, plexuses are filled with blood and swell like a sponge. After emptying, they quickly return to their previous state. In a healthy person, this mechanism works properly.

With hemorrhoids, the outflow of blood of the cavernous tissue is disturbed, the vascular walls grow, fragments protrude in the form of nodules and cones. As they increase, they are worse held by connective and muscle fibers, slide to the anus and fall out.

The causes of blood flow disorders are:

  1. Sedentary lifestyle. With a lack of movement, blood circulation slows down.
  2. Constipation, excessive physical exertion, debilitating straining cough. Under the influence of these factors, intra-abdominal pressure rises, blood vessels narrow, blood flow in the small pelvis is disturbed.
  3. Heredity. Not the disease itself is genetically transmitted, but a predisposition to connective tissue dysplasia.
  4. Pregnancy, childbirth.Blood circulation is disturbed due to a combination of several factors: fetal pressure on the inferior vena cava, changes in hormonal levels, attempts during labor.

If the hemorrhoids has already developed and proceeds secretly, exacerbations begin due to alcohol and spicy food abuse. Alcohol leads to vasodilation, spicy foods increase intestinal motility, which makes the nodules irritated.

Symptoms and signs of the disease in men and women

Symptoms of internal hemorrhoids depend on the size of the bumps.

In proctology, there are 4 stages of the development of the disease with characteristic clinical signs, in men and women they proceed the same way:

  1. First one. Single nodules of 2-5 mm in size appear, which do not cause concern. If the stool is hard, a small amount of mucus is secreted. Due to increased humidity in the anus, slight burning sensation, itching periodically occur. Blood is detected only in a laboratory study of feces, rarely on toilet paper.
  2. The second one. Nodules increase to 1 - 1.5 cm. After physical exertion, stool, they fall out, then spontaneously return to their place. Defecation is accompanied by moderate pain, there is a feeling of a foreign body, fullness of the intestine. On toilet paper, feces remain bloody. At this stage, exacerbation of symptoms alternates with periods of remission.
  3. The third. Cones grow up to 1.5 - 3 cm. Their sizes prevent spontaneous retraction, protrusions have to be returned to place by hand. Cracks form in the anus, due to which the pain becomes permanent. Bleeding intensifies.
  4. Fourth. Cones fall out from the slightest load, and after setting, fall out again. Sharp pains disturb constantly. Fatal complications develop at this phase, and urgent surgical intervention is also required.

Hemorrhoids are progressing slowly: the transition from one phase to another takes from several months to 1 to 2 years.

How to treat internal hemorrhoids

For bowel problems, consult a proctologist. In the first two phases, treatment of internal hemorrhoids includes drug therapy, correction of nutrition and lifestyle, alternative methods.

Read also:treatment of hemorrhoids at home

Candles

Rectal suppositories differ in the composition of the active ingredients, the therapeutic effect depends on this:

  1. Anticoagulants Gepazolon, Hepatrombin G, Nigepan reduce coagulation, improve blood circulation, and prevent blood clots.
  2. Angioprotectors and venotonics Procto-Glivenol, Ginkor-Procto, Hamamelis increase tone and reduce the permeability of the vascular walls, contribute to the healing of injuries. Hemostatics Relief, Relief Advance, Natalside narrow the vascular lumen, stop bleeding, restore epithelium, reduce inflammation.
  3. Anesthetics Anestezol, belladonna extract, olestesin relieve pain.
  4. Hormonal, based on corticosteroids, Ultraproct, Relief Ultra, Proctosedil M reduce inflammation, itching, pain, but have many contraindications.
  5. Astringent suppositories Anuzol, Neo-Anuzol, Proctozan are dried, disinfected, the mucous membrane and form a protective film on it.
  6. Immunomodulators Posterisan, Posterisan forte increase local immunity.
  7. Homeopathic suppositories Hemo-Pro, Propolis DN act gently, do not give side effects, but the therapeutic effect is weak.

The choice of specific drugs depends on the clinical symptoms, stage of the disease.

Ointments

Suppositories from internal hemorrhoids are produced along with ointments, they have the same names and active substances. This form of medicine is used to treat combined hemorrhoids, when both the external and internal plexuses are affected. First, a candle is inserted into the anus, then the anus is treated with ointment.When cracks appear, ointments with antibiotics are additionally prescribed: Tetracycline, Levomycetin, Syntomycin.

Preparations

Oral drugs are prescribed for exacerbation of the disease, after surgery, chronic internal hemorrhoids, when the intensification of symptoms is replaced by periods of remission. Systemic drugs strengthen weak vascular walls, improve microcirculation in cavernous formations, they are taken in courses of 1.5 - 2 months.

Here are examples of effective pills:

  • Detralex
  • Phlebodia 600;
  • Venus;
  • Troxevasin;
  • Trental;
  • Venoruton;
  • Aescusan;
  • Venoprotect;
  • Vazoket.

With severe exacerbation and pain, the doctor prescribes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Folk remedies

To alleviate the condition with hemorrhoids, the following recipes are used:

  1. Raw potatoes. The tuber is cleaned, a candle is cut out, inserted into the anal passage for the night.
  2. Celandine. A gauze swab is soaked in juice, injected into the anus on the first day for half an hour, the second for 45 minutes, the third and the next for an hour. The course lasts 2 weeks.
  3. Geranium. A fresh leaf is washed, dried, greased with olive oil, administered overnight in the anus for a week.
  4. Herbal infusion. In equal parts combine dandelion leaves, lemon balm and calendula flowers. 1 tbsp. a spoonful of the mixture is poured with a glass of boiling water, left under the lid for 40 minutes. Filter the infusion, drink it in equal doses before meals.

Medicinal plants are not a substitute for drug therapy, but complement the treatment at home.

Therapeutic diet

Hemorrhoids cannot be eliminated if constipation is not eliminated.

To do this, rebuild the diet:

  1. Increase the proportion of fiber. It is found in vegetables, fresh and dried fruits, wholemeal baked goods, cereals, bran.
  2. Muffins, pasta, rice porridge, strong coffee, tea are limited in the diet.
  3. Exclude spicy, fatty, smoked dishes.
  4. Refuse alcohol, including beer.
  5. Dramatically reduce salt intake.
  6. Adhere to a fractional diet: eat 5-6 times a day in small portions.

During the day they drink a lot of fluids, with a lack of moisture, feces become hard, provoking exacerbations.

Possible complications of the disease

Severe consequences develop without treatment:

  1. Thrombosis. Blood clots appear in the veins, which compress the nerve endings. Nodules swell, become cyanotic, pain intensifies.
  2. Weakness of the sphincter. The anal valve ceases to restrain the contents of the intestines, gases, liquid feces, leak out.
  3. Pinched nodule. When lifting weights, after visiting the toilet, the lump falls out and is compressed by the sphincters of the anal passage. This phenomenon is accompanied by sharp pain, the node turns blue, and the surrounding tissues swell, redden.
  4. Anemia. Constant bleeding of the cavernous body leads to a drop in hemoglobin level, which affects well-being, inhibits immunity.

If an infection penetrates the perianal region, purulent inflammation of the tissues develops over time - parapractitis.

Prevention

To avoid hemorrhoids, risk factors are excluded:

  1. Control physical activity. When sedentary work they get up, do 5-minute workouts every hour. Do not overload in gyms, when lifting weights do not make sudden movements. It is useful to do swimming, gymnastics, walk a lot.
  2. Eat right. Every day they include sour-milk products, food with plant fibers in the diet, and forget about dry food snacks.
  3. Do not stay too long in the toilet, do not strain, normally defecation lasts 3 minutes. Do not abuse laxatives - uncontrolled intake leads to constipation.
  4. Every day they do a set of exercises for 10-15 minutes for the pelvis, buttock, crotch and abdominal muscles.

With hemorrhoids, it is important not to miss the time when the disease goes into the 3-4 phase of development, otherwise a surgical operation is required.

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