Bisoprolol tablets are antihypertensive drugs. They are characterized by high efficiency, remain relevant in the work of general practitioners and cardiologists for many years. The drug not only reduces blood pressure, but also reduces the pulse rate, helps prevent the so-called cardiogenic catastrophes, that is, conditions that can threaten the patient's life.
Material Content:
The composition of the drug
The drug substance is available in the form of tablets and capsules. The first form is used much more often. One tablet may contain 2.5, 5 and 10 mg of the active substance, which is called bisoprolol.
As auxiliary components, the composition includes cellulose, starch, calcium, silicon oxide, starch, talc, macrogol, dyes.
Pharmacological action and pharmacokinetics
Bisoprolol is a selective beta 1-blocker. The medication has a powerful hypotensive effect. Due to what this is achieved, is still unknown. It has been proven that the drug reduces the level and activity of renin in the blood. Researchers believe this mechanism helps lower blood pressure.
Bisoprolol tablets help reduce heart rate (HR), excitability, and conduction of the heart muscle.
The effect is achieved due to the main action - blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, which ensures a decrease in the activity of catecholamines and the concentration of calcium ions inside the cells.Due to this, a decrease in the oxygen demand of the heart muscle is achieved, the heart rate decreases. This mechanism underlies the antianginal effect of bisoprolol.
The active substance of the drug slows down the conduction of an impulse along the heart muscle, mainly in the region of the AV node. The mechanism underlies the antiarrhythmic action of Bisoprolol. Among the positive manifestations of the drug, a lesser effect on the internal organs and carbohydrate metabolism is noted.
Bisoprolol is almost completely absorbed by the epithelium of the stomach and intestines, quickly falling into the bloodstream.
The maximum concentration of the drug is achieved after 2-3 hours from the time of administration. The action of the substance lasts up to a day. It is evenly distributed throughout the body, the half-life is 10-12 hours.
Bisoprolol is metabolized by the liver, the metabolites themselves are eliminated by the kidneys. Only a small part (about 2-3%) is excreted by bile.
What pills help
Indications Bisoprolol: treatment of arterial hypertension, sinus tachycardia, angina pectoris.
The drug is prescribed to patients who have had myocardial infarction. And also it is used as a component of the complex therapy of mild or moderate heart failure (stably proceeding).
Instructions for use and dosage regimen of bisoprolol
Bisoprolol is taken in the morning, on an empty stomach, a tablet is washed down with 200 ml of water. Therapy begins with 2.5 mg, the dosage can be increased. The selection of the right amount of drug depends on the pathology, the patient’s response to treatment, and the dynamics of his condition.
With hypertension and angina pectoris, the maximum dose of bisoprolol is usually 10 mg. Instructions for use allow its separation into a double reception.
In severe forms of angina pectoris and heart failure, the dose can reach up to 20 mg. This amount of substance can also be divided into 2 doses.
When using the medication, it is important to check the patient’s adaptation to the drug and how well he tolerates this therapy.
If an increase in dosage is required, then this should be done every 2-3 weeks.
Continuous monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure is important.
During pregnancy and lactation
Doctors do not recommend taking this medication during pregnancy and lactation. The use of Bisoprolol is allowed in rare cases when the benefit of the product exceeds the possible harm to the fetus.
The patient must constantly be under the supervision of a doctor, since it is important to arrange a monitor of placental blood flow. Bisoprolol is able to exert a depressing effect on this function, which is the cause of possible complications.
As for lactation, when taking the drug, you should abandon breastfeeding. The penetration of the drug into breast milk is not fixed, but, despite this, the use of the drug is not recommended for lactating women.
Drug interaction
Bisoprolol and other antihypertensive drugs enhance the effect of each other. Caution should be observed when used with beta-blockers. The medication is able to lengthen the manifestation of muscle relaxants, some disaggregants, Theophylline.
It is important for the doctor to be careful while prescribing with drugs from the NSAID group, cardiac glycosides. The former decrease the activity of bisoprolol, the latter increase the risk of bradycardia.
Simultaneous administration with antipsychotics, sedatives and hypnotics, as well as antidepressants, can lead to inhibition of central nervous system activity.
The concentration of bisoprolol in the blood can change under the influence of antibiotics - sulfasalazine, rifampicin.
Contraindications, side effects, overdose
Bisoprolol is not prescribed in the presence of hypersensitivity reactions to its components.
Other contraindications:
- Acute and decompensation of chronic heart failure.
- Heart rate less than 50-55 beats per minute.
- Arterial hypotension.
- Severe airway obstruction.
- Atrioventricular and sinoatrial blockades.
- Obliterating endarteritis.
- Reynaud's syndrome of severe degree.
- Metabolic acidosis.
Bisoprolol is not used to treat arterial hypertension in patients with pheochromocytoma. He is not prescribed to persons under 18 years of age.
The drug is prescribed with caution to patients with hormonal disorders - diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism.
And also to patients with severe renal and hepatic insufficiency, heart defects undergoing detoxification therapy.
Possible adverse reactions: headaches and dizziness, general weakness, fatigue, muscle pain, arrhythmias, bradycardia, hypotension, dry mucous membranes of the eye, dyspepsia (nausea, vomiting, flatulence), bronchospasm, jumps in blood glucose, hypothyroidism.
Among the adverse reactions, a decrease in the level of leukocytes and platelets in the general blood test was noted. Diagnosed changes in indicators of liver function. Among allergic reactions, the appearance of rashes and hyperemia of the skin is recorded.
In case of overdose, patients have complaints of interruptions in the work of the heart, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath. Syncopal conditions may occur. In such situations, it is necessary to call an ambulance, flush the stomach before her arrival and take a sorbent drug (activated charcoal, Smecta).
With low blood pressure, the patient should be given a lying position, the lower limbs should rise above the head.
Patients with suspected overdose are always subject to hospitalization to assist in a specialized department under the supervision of a doctor.
Analogues of the drug
Pharmacological companies produce a large number of Bisoprolol analogues. Under this name, the product is produced by Belarusian and Russian companies. Their effect and pharmacokinetics are no different from each other. The difference is in the price of drugs. The most popular analogues
Bisoprolol is as follows:
- Bicard (Belarus).
- Bisoprolol-Maxfarma (Lithuania).
- Concor (Germany).
- Coronal (Slovakia).
- Bisogamma (Germany).
- Biprol (Serbia).
The active substance of these funds is bisoprolol. The choice of the right drug is carried out by the doctor. In general, reviews of analogues are positive, in case of inappropriate prices, the patient can purchase a more convenient option at a cost.
Bisoprolol is an effective drug, which is due to its popularity in cardiology. The tool, despite a number of positive qualities, has contraindications and adverse reactions, so you can not take it yourself, you need to consult a specialist before use.
