The choice of a name and surname according to the law of the Russian Federation is a personal human right. This means that every citizen of the country can be renamed at any time as he pleases, having passed the established procedure for this. Is it tempting? Very, because there are so many beautiful, interesting, noble and majestically sounding Russian surnames. Lists of the most common and pleasant to hear, as well as the rarest and funniest of them are given below.
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Analysis of the origin of Russian surnames
There are a lot of beautiful Russian surnames - Ascension, Ushansky, Mironov, Bogolyubov, Stories, Magnificent, Zlatovlasov, Wise, Admiral, Aristocrats, Vasilevsky. Unable to list all options. Many of them are of completely unexpected origin. Even have a separate science - anthroponymy, which studies how a particular surname was formed. For example, the surname Krivoshchekin appeared due to a real person who lived in the 15th century by the name of Guba, born to Mikifor and nicknamed Crooked Cheeks. This fact is reflected in ancient documents (acts) - the record is dated 1495. If he lived today, then his name would be Krivoshchekin Guba Mikiforovich. Interesting, isn't it? Also in the same year there were records of the peasants Danilo Sopl (in the modern sound Soplin Daniil) and Efimko Vorobye (Vorobyov Efim). In 1568, all in the same acts there is a note about Mikitin’s son Ivan, nicknamed Menshchik (Menshchikov Ivan Mikitovich), and in 1590 - about Mikiforov’s offspring named Onton nicknamed Zhdan (Zhdanov Anton Mikiforovich).
So the names appeared:
- For the most part from nicknames that are common in the people, which were given to people by their relatives and neighbors. They called people by their personal differences - Chernovolosov (black hair), Ostronosov (sharp nose), Vereshchagin (often screamed), Toropygin (constantly in a hurry), Rumyantsev (had ruddy cheeks), Udaltsov, Razumnik, Ostroumov.
- Often nicknames became the names of animals, fish and birds, later converted to surnames - Medvedev, Kotov, Sobolev, Solovyov (maybe the person sang well), Lisitsin, Volkov, Zaitsev, Voronin, Tsaplin (as an option, had long legs), Dyatlov, Sinitsyn, Karpov.
- For certain classes it was typical to supplement the name with the occupation, which also left its mark in the family history - Goncharov (Gonchar), Tokarev (Tokar), Stolyarov (carpenter), Shepherds (shepherd), Kozhemyakin, Kuznetsov, Rybakov, Butchers (judging by the number of nicknames reflected in the found act from 1335, in the 14th century, this skill was especially appreciated in people).
- If a person did not have any pronounced nickname, then the surname was the name of the father, which testified to the person's belonging to a particular genus. So there were Maximovs, Ivanovs, Vasyutins, Mishins, Stepanovs, Fedorovs, Sergeevs and so on. By the way, if in one village there were several Ivanov, Vasiliev, Fedorov, and so on, then the names changed - Ivanov, Ivanko, Ivanchenko, Vasilenko, Vasileev, Vaskin, Fedorov, Fedorkin, Fedorchuk.
- Surnames of the princely family were most often given by the name of the area where the noble family lived or, based on the possessions of the latter. Almost always, they had endings –skiy or –tskiy –– Ozyorskiy (owned a lake), Gorskiy (mountain), Shuisky (the Shuisky family lived near the river and the city of Shui), Vyazemsky (near the Vyazma river). The following surnames are formed in the same way: Tula, Tverskoy, Yeletsky, Amursky, Belozersky.
- A huge number of surnames owes their sonority to Orthodoxy - Annunciation, Ascension, Byzantine, Pokrovsky, Trinity, Spassky, Preobrazhensky and others.
The vast majority of surnames are a little over a century old, with the exception of noble, princely, and other families with aristocratic roots (they got their surnames much earlier). In 1888, the decree of the special Senate stipulated that having a surname is not only a right, but also an obligation of each person, since a family nickname helps to avoid confusion. The very first census of the country's population (1897) played a huge role in the formation of current surnames. The census takers didn’t bother with personal nicknames, and sometimes they simply wrote down everyone by the name of the father of the family. Therefore, in Russia there are so many surnames formed from all kinds of names - Alexandrov, Nikitina, Alekseev, Petrov, Andreev, Vladimirov. All peasants on the same farm received the name of their landowner, so there are whole villages or villages of namesakes - Lvovkins, Gagarins, Vorontsovs.
In general, not a single dissertation has already been written on the topic of the origin of names and family nicknames. Think about what your last name means.
Beautiful Russian last names for girls
It so happened that the girls are more sensitive, and therefore they are more worried due to dissonance or a poor combination of name and surname.
Ladies who decide on a change should pay attention to the following female names and their meanings:
- Amur;
- Angelic
- Annenskaya;
- Afanasyev;
- Athenian
- Butterfly;
- Bagirova;
- Bazhenov;
- Belogradskaya;
- Belozerskaya;
- Berezina;
- Berkutov;
- Blagoveshchenskaya;
- Theological;
- Diamond / Diamond;
- Vasilkova / Vasilkovskaya;
- Byzantine
- Voskresenskaya;
- Hyacinth;
- Goncharova;
- Gorodetskaya;
- Danilova / Danilevskaya;
- Don;
- Zhemchugova / Zhemchuzhnikova;
- Zalesskaya;
- Eliseeva;
- Zlatovlasova;
- Zlatopolskaya;
- Znamenskaya;
- Zorina
- Ignatiev;
- Istomin;
- Kamenskaya;
- Kolosovskaya;
- Lavrentiev;
- Meadow
- Luchinskaya;
- May;
- Malinovskaya;
- Highland;
- Nikitina;
- Ozerova;
- Ostrovskaya;
- Rasskazova;
- Rodionova;
- Rowanina;
- Rumyantsev;
- Sapphirova;
- Serebryanskaya;
- Solntseva;
- Ushanskaya;
- Tsvetkova.
Men's last names of Russia: list
People have different tastes, and therefore everyone chooses the ideal surname for himself.
The following is an impressive selection of rare Russian male surnames:
- Diamonds
- Andreyev;
- Bogatyryov;
- Belinsky;
- Bolkonsky;
- Warsaw
- Vasilevsky;
- Velichansky;
- Vetrogradov;
- Vorontsov;
- Glinsky;
- Hailstones;
- Demin;
- Dmitriev;
- Doronin
- Dubrovsky;
- Dorofeev;
- Ezhevsky;
- Yelsky;
- Zadonsky;
- Zarnitsky;
- Zvezdinsky;
- Zlatoum;
- Ignatov / Ignatiev;
- Kakhovsky;
- Kirsanov;
- Knyazev / Knyazhin;
- Kovalevsky;
- Kondratyev;
- Lavrov / Lavrovsky;
- Larin / Larsky;
- Lazarev;
- Lebedinsky;
- Levitanov;
- Loginov;
- Maiors
- Makarov;
- Maximov;
- Medvedev
- Mikhailov;
- Melnikov;
- Metropolitan;
- Mozhaysky;
- Moskvin;
- Muromov / Muromtsev;
- Daffodils;
- Nikolsky;
- Nemirov;
- Novgorod;
- Nezhinsky;
- Orlov / Oryol;
- Wits;
- Obolensky;
- Burns / Burns;
- Paustovsky;
- Petrovsky;
- Pogodin;
- Polyansky;
- Rzhevsky;
- Romanov / Romanovsky;
- Sadovsky;
- Sugars;
- Samoilov;
- Safronov;
- Saltevsky;
- Streltsov / Streletsky;
- Trinity;
- Tarasov;
- Titov;
- Filatov;
- Fedorov;
- Fonvizin;
- Khmelnitsky;
- Kharitonov;
- Chernyshevsky;
- Cherkasov;
- Cheryomushkin;
- Shestakov;
- Sheremetyev;
- Shustrov;
- Elinsky;
- Elbrus;
- Yuriev;
- Yakhontov;
- Yasensky.
The most popular and common options
If you look at the ten most common surnames in Russia, you can draw many interesting conclusions.
And the places in it were distributed as follows:
- Ivanov - undoubtedly, on behalf of Father Ivan, and Ivanov and Ioanov in Russia have always been abound. This is due to the fact that earlier only children could be given names to saints whose commemoration days fall on the birth of a baby. And Ivanes celebrate name day as much as 170 times a year.
- Smirnov - this surname appeared from the phrase "With the new world, good people", which wandering people always said when they came to a new settlement.
- Kuznetsov - several centuries ago, the profession of a blacksmith was in great demand and honorable, and the secrets of the craft were passed on from fathers to children, from grandfathers to grandchildren.
- Popov - many priests received exactly this surname, and there were always a lot of them in Russia too.
- Vasiliev is the second most popular male Russian name, from which more than 50 family varieties came from.
- Petrov - on behalf of Peter.
- Sokolov - one version says that the popularity of this surname is due to the fact that the wives of their husbands called "you are my clear falcon," which was the best praise. According to another version, the origin is associated with the name Sokol and with the cult of birds, animals that existed among the ancient Russians.
- Mikhailov - on behalf of.
- Novikov - in the villages of Novikom they accused everyone who came from other places and stayed to live, and there were many such people, since everyone was looking for a better life in the difficult conditions that existed at that time.
- Fedorov - on behalf of.
The names of Volkov and Alekseev, Morozov and Lebedev, Egorov and Semenov, Kozlov and Pavlov, Stepanov and Nikolaev, as well as Makarov, Orlov, Zakharov, Zaitsev, Soloviev and others are also very common.
Rare Russian surnames
Rare surnames are not always the most beautiful. Often they sound funny or even ridiculous.
They can be conditionally divided into groups:
- Geographical - Moscow, Kamchatka, Astrakhan and so on.
- Heroes (literary and historical) - Crusoe, Karenin, Pozharsky, Bolkonsky, Chatsky.
- Two-root - Ubeikon, Nepeyvoda, Eibogin, Krutiporoh, Zacheshigrivu.
- Formed from a noun - Stove, Water, Magpie, Frost, Chizh.
- Verb form - Klyuy, Throw, Tron, Razdabudko, Prikhodko.
And there are a great many such extraordinary surnames, but the Soviet gymnast Archinevolokotorepopindrikovskaya (33 letters!) Broke the record by rarity.
Of course, offspring are not obliged to swell for their ancestors. Here, for example, someone who lived five to six centuries ago loved to eat, for which he received the nickname Obzhora, and later - the name Obzhorkin. Or there lived a simpleton guy who made his descendants simple.And there are many such dissonant surnames - Pyanov, Vorovakin, Boltunov, Pustozvonov, Oblomov, Neryakhin, Trusov, Okolokulak, Obyedkov, Glyukin, Zhulikov and so on. What now descendants to live, embarrassed to show a passport? No. If you wish, you can simply change the name by choosing a beautiful sound.
