Diet with kidney stones does not belong to too strict types of nutrition. Each "table" is characterized by its own characteristics, which take into account the differences in the chemical composition of the stones. Thanks to the diet, the formation of stones stops, tissues are gradually restored, the inflammation “goes away”.
Material Content:
General nutritional rules for kidney stones
In the fight against urolithiasis, it is important to adhere to the basic rules:
- Overeating and the associated discomfort in the digestive tract should not be allowed.
- Forbidden and fasting. In order for the gastrointestinal tract to work without failures, fully assimilate food and self-clean, food should be delivered little by little and regularly. Both during fasting and during overeating, harmful substances are poorly excreted, forming stones. Large breaks in food (more than 3 hours) are not allowed. The last small meal a day is consumed 3 hours before bedtime.
- You should drink high-quality clean water in small portions (about 2 liters per day), but do not “dilute” meals with such a liquid. It is worth giving preference to filtered boiled water. It is useful to develop a regimen for its use and try to adhere to it. Water “removes” excess salts from the body.
- Instead of 2–3 meals a day, it is necessary to divide food intake into 5–6 meals, reducing the volume of servings by several times. It is important to remember that a sense of fullness comes late. If after eating a small amount of food, hunger is still felt, then after 20 minutes. he will disappear.
- You need to adhere to the correct ratio of protein (15%), fatty (30%), carbohydrate (55%) foods.
- Strictly control the consumption of all types of meat (including poultry, fish): quite 3 times a week for 150-200 g.
- Choose any method of heat treatment of food, except frying.
- Too cold or hot dishes can cause an exacerbation of the disease. Food temperature comfortable for the digestive tract is 37–50 ° C.
- Anyone with stones is banned from drinking alcohol. Drinking alcohol with kidney stones can cause urinary stagnation, precipitation of salts and spasmodic pain. All this leads to an exacerbation of the disease.
- It is worth taking care of the normalization of weight. In people with excess kilograms, uric acid stagnates in the kidneys.
Adhering to these points is important both for prevention and during the fight against urolithiasis.
Allowed and Prohibited Products
The therapeutic diet according to Pevzner is a scientifically based nutrition system that helps in the fight against the disease (and a number of other diseases). Based on this diet, lists of recommended and prohibited foods are compiled.
It should limit the intake of a number of substances:
- purines (concentrated in “animal” proteins and fats);
- oxalic acid (fruits, berries, sour vegetables);
- Vitamin C, which increases the amount of oxalic acid (citrus fruits, currants);
- gelatin, which also affects its level (meat products);
- caffeine, a large amount of which affects the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body (different varieties of tea, coffee, Coca-Cola).
The list of products that can not be consumed:
- animal fats, margarine;
- canned, salted, smoked meat;
- semi-finished products (especially sausages, sausages);
- fatty meats (including fish);
- saturated broths and soups based on them;
- jelly, aspic, jelly;
- seafood;
- products with chocolate, cocoa;
- strong tea, coffee;
- spicy spices;
- salted, spicy cheeses;
- pickled products, pickles;
- sour berries (cherries, currants, raspberries);
- legumes;
- offal;
- some vegetables (beets, eggplant, rhubarb);
- sorrel, spinach;
- flour sweets, fresh white bread.
A therapeutic diet should supply a sufficient amount of such substances to the body:
- vitamin A, due to which there is a better restoration of the tissues of the urinary system;
- B vitamins (which are important if urate kidney stones are found);
- plant fiber, which helps to remove salts and intestinal function.
With urolithiasis, you can use:
- baking from bran or wholemeal flour;
- fresh, pickled vegetables;
- pasta, cereals (in small quantities);
- any fresh non-sour berries, fruits;
- dried fruits;
- low-fat sweets (marmalade, candy, honey);
- eggs (limited);
- weak drinks with caffeine, tea that can be diluted with milk;
- dried fruit compotes (apples, pears);
- citrus fruits (not much);
- vegetable oil (any grade);
- slightly salted, not spicy cheeses;
- dairy products (not very acidic);
- lean meat and fish.
It is useful to use low-mineralized water, non-acidic juices (especially diluted cranberry juice). It is necessary to drink herbal decoctions, infusions that help stop inflammatory processes (for example, the composition of rose hips).
Features for men, women
The chemical composition of calculi may vary, which affects the choice of diet. Nutrition for urolithiasis is determined by the doctor after the examination. The patient’s gender does not matter. Only the diet for pregnant women may be slightly different, since the uterus “presses” on the urinary tract, swelling appears.
A pregnant, lactating woman suffering from urolithiasis should adhere to such points in the diet:
- drink plenty of water (2 l) in the event that there is no edema;
- consume vitamins in their natural form (fruits, herbs, vegetables) and pharmacy complexes designed for pregnant women;
- there are protein dishes that are easily digested (from low-fat dairy, meat, fish products);
- the daily protein norm during pregnancy is 100-120 g;
- refuse fried and baked dishes with a crust, strong broths, refractory fats.
This diet can be called universal.
The menu of therapeutic diets "Tables No. 6, 7 and 14"
Due to the different chemical composition of stones, diets prescribed also have differences. A diet based on recommended foods can be made independently. Meals should be 5-6 times a day. Serving size - about 250 g. A break between meals and water - at least 1 hour.
Table 6
This diet is adhered to if urate stones in the kidneys, as well as oxalate accumulations, are detected.
In addition to the recommendations common to all “tables”, “Table No. 6” has some features:
- daily calorie intake - 2500 kcal;
- dried fruits are excluded (only prunes are possible);
- mushrooms are prohibited.
Table 7
The purpose of the diet is sparing kidney function.
Features of this “table”:
- daily calorie intake - 2400 kcal;
- water consumption per day is limited - 0.8 l;
- total daily amount of fluid - 1.5 l;
- a small restriction of proteins - 70 g per day;
- increased intake of vitamins.
Table 14
This diet is prescribed if calcium phosphorus stones are found in the patient.
Program features that complement the general recommendations:
- calorie content of foods per day - 2600 kcal;
- the use of alkalizing ingredients and components with a high concentration of calcium is minimized: dairy products, vegetables (except onions, pumpkins, carrots, asparagus, peas, cabbage);
- allowed sour berries, apples;
- any broths, offal, fat are shown;
- mushrooms will not harm;
- the most useful cereals, pasta, meat and fish dishes, bread.
The table shows an approximate menu of these three diets for 1 day.
| Eating | "Table 6" | "Table 7" | "Table 14" |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breakfast | Oatmeal, 1 soft-boiled egg | buckwheat porridge tea | bread with a thin layer of butter, scrambled eggs, apple compote |
| Lunch | fruit salad | any fruit | a handful of sour berries (e.g. raspberries) |
| Dinner | fresh vegetable, pumpkin soup, several stuffed cabbage without meat | vegetarian soup, lean “steam” fish, cucumber and greens salad | mushroom soup, baked beef, salad |
| High tea | peppermint mousse | fruit salad | pumpkin pie |
| Dinner | cheesecakes with the addition of banana and berries, tea | protein omelette, baked potato, fresh salad | Lambs with liver, cabbage salad |
| Before bedtime (3 hours) | cottage cheese and fruit puree | dried fruits, yogurt | apple (sour) |
Interesting recipes for healthy dishes
Adhering to the treatment program, you can eat deliciously. The medical diet for urolithiasis includes a large list of acceptable products. This allows you to create interesting and tasty combinations. Several types of heat treatment are allowed: baking, cooking, steaming. Use the first, second courses, desserts, drinks.
Kefir okroshka (suitable for "Tables No. 6, 7")
Okroshka is very tender.
Structure:
- low-fat kefir - 0.5 l;
- the same cottage cheese - 80 g;
- mineral water - 250 ml;
- medium-sized potatoes - 2 pcs.;
- small carrots - 1 pc.;
- pre-boiled egg - 1 pc.;
- radish - 5 pcs.;
- fresh cucumber - 1 pc.;
- greens, salt.
Stages of preparation:
- Baked or boiled potatoes, carrots.
- Peel vegetables and cut.
- Peel the cooled egg from the shell, chop.
- Radish, cucumber chopped.
- Kefir, soft cottage cheese are combined.
- Pour all the vegetables with a liquid mixture, add.
- Decorate the dish with chopped fresh plants.
- Flavored soup is infused for at least 2 hours.
Served with bread and herbs.
Peach Mint Mousse (suitable for Table 7)
The dessert has an original soft, but very rich taste.
Structure:
- peaches - 250 g;
- gelatin powder - 15 g;
- icing sugar - 40 g;
- whipped cream - 70 g;
- egg white - 1 pc.;
- almond nuts - 3 pcs.;
- lemon zest - 3 g;
- citrus fruit juice - 3 g;
- fresh mint - 3 leaves.
Stages of preparation:
- Clean seedless fruits are boiled about the state of mashed potatoes (15 min.).
- The cooled fruit is whipped with a blender with powder and mint.
- Chopped almonds and zest shavings are added in mashed potatoes.
- Gelatin is diluted in 100 ml of drinking water, into which lemon juice has been squeezed.
- Proteins turn into thick foam.
- Protein, gelatin, 0.5 prepared whipped cream are placed in the puree.
- Everything is mixed, distributed over vases, sent for 2 hours to freeze in the cold.
Decorate the dish with the remaining cream, mint, nuts.
Fruit and berry cheesecakes (for all "tables")
The food is tender, soft, and the fruit supplement perfectly complements the taste of cottage cheese.
Structure:
- sugar - 50 g;
- flour - 50 g;
- cottage cheese - 250 g;
- ripe banana - 1 pc.;
- boiled and peeled egg - 1 pc.;
- baking powder - 5 g;
- vegetable oil - 10 g;
- strawberries - 60 g.
Stages of preparation:
- A fermented milk product, well wiped through a sieve, is mixed with an egg, flour, baking powder, sugar.
- Knead with a fork a ripe banana, introduce this mashed potatoes into the curd.
- Cheesecakes are baked in a greased form until golden (at 200 ° C, from 7 min.).
Serve a dish with berries, a little yogurt, jam, honey.
Contraindications
For each type of calculus, different products are contraindicated. With oxalates, the main goal is to reduce the use of oxalic acid. As a result, salts will cease to precipitate. The diet for oxalate kidney stones has the following limitations: gelatin dishes, nuts, chocolate, figs, rhubarb, sorrel, as well as foods rich in vitamin C, “milk”. Useful cereals, pumpkin, apples, plums, cauliflower, grapes.
With urates, the inclusion of meat and fish food, offal, broth, and legumes in the diet is reduced. Actively consume milk, citruses, vegetables, fruits with urata.
With phosphate stones in the kidneys, they refuse dairy products and limit the consumption of vegetables and fruits. It is useful to eat meat, fish, flour products, legumes, cereals, pumpkin, currants, apples, cranberries, cabbage.
By following all the recommendations and prohibitions, you can stop the formation of stones and significantly improve well-being. The general principles of dietary nutrition should be adhered to throughout life, which will maintain health for many years.
