The medical nutrition system developed by the learned nutritionist M. I. Pevzner in Soviet times does not lose its significance today. Each ATS diet or table has a number and corresponds to a specific group of diseases.
Material Content:
Deciphering the concept of diet ATS
The main version of the diet (ATS) consists of 15 tables. These treatment systems have specific numbers. They are used as an aid in drug therapy for the speedy recovery of people with various diseases.
The therapeutic diet is based on the scientific principles of a healthy diet. The patient receives a full-fledged diet, balanced by the main components - proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Sparing modes are provided - mechanical, chemical and thermal, which allow not to burden the digestive organs and endocrine glands.
Proper medical nutrition implies compliance with the drinking regime, sufficient intake of vitamins and minerals in the body. The multiplicity of food intake, the serving temperature, the fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements for cooking technology, and the rules for storing ready meals are important.
Principles and Features
Thanks to the selection and competent combination of products, the gentle method of heat treatment of food ingredients, medical systems are good for health. A feature of dietary food is a ban on certain components of food. Need discipline and organization, so as not to violate the diet, to control the calorie intake.
For cooking use exclusively high quality products of the highest grade, sour-milk and dairy components, fresh fruits and vegetables.They exclude chocolate, coffee, pastries, fatty, smoked, salted, pickled, spicy foods from the diet. To add flavor and appeal to dishes, add fresh herbs and caraway seeds.
Common methods of heat treatment of diet foods include boiling in water or steam, stewing, baking. The main rule of cooking is to boil food well. Nutrition should be varied, the average daily energy value of the diet is 2150-2450 kcal.
Indications for use
Dietary nutrition is an important component of complex treatment. Some diseases of the digestive organs and endocrine glands can be cured without the use of medications. In such cases, the Pevzner diet plays the role of one of the main therapeutic factors. But often, special nutrition only creates a favorable background for the most effective conduct of wellness procedures.
The ATS diet is used for such diseases:
- gastric ulcer, also during the recovery period or with a pathological course;
- acute and chronic hepatitis, including during the recovery period;
- gout;
- nephrolithiasis;
- type II diabetes mellitus;
- obesity;
- abnormalities in the work of the cardiovascular system;
- atherosclerosis;
- feverish conditions;
- viral infections;
- phosphaturia, hyperuricemia;
- uric acid diathesis;
- gallbladder inflammation, cholecystitis;
- Ischemic heart disease;
- gastritis.
The task of dietary tables is to restore disturbed balance in the body, strengthen immunity, and create favorable conditions for recovery.
The main diet option
With ATS, deciphering the room prescribed by the therapist's table will help to accurately determine the recommended dishes. For all diseases, you can eat lean boiled meat, mashed cereals, cereal soup, non-fat non-fat cottage cheese, as well as drink milk, rosehip infusion, fruit juice diluted in half with water.
You can not eat millet and pearl barley porridge, vegetables and fruits with coarse fiber, spices, fried, flour dishes, strong broths, mushrooms. With diabetes, sweets are excluded.
During the stay in the hospital, therapeutic nutrition is prescribed. Currently, there is a simplified nomenclature of dietary tables.
Depending on the disease, the doctor prescribes one of five options:
- main table (ATS);
- with mechanical, chemical and temperature gentle modes (ЩД);
- high in protein (WBD);
- low in protein;
- low-calorie nutrition.
ATS is also prescribed after the patient’s discharge home, when the stage of recovery begins.
Recommended diet time is about six months. It is advisable to eat in small portions 5-6 times a day at the same time.
The menu of medical tables according to Pevzner
Each diet has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account when drawing up the diet and selecting dishes.
Sample diet menu, ATS table for 1 day:
- I breakfast - buckwheat or oatmeal with butter, weak tea;
- II breakfast - cottage cheese pudding, rosehip infusion;
- lunch - cereal or vegetable soup, boiled meat or fish, salad from fresh or boiled vegetables, berry jelly;
- afternoon snack - fruit compote, biscuit cookies;
- dinner - steam cutlets, jelly;
- before going to bed - 1 tbsp. boiled whole milk.
For a day you can eat butter (30 g), fruits (300 g), dry wheat bread (150-200 g). Three times a week, soft-boiled eggs or steam omelet are useful.
For diet No. 1, all types of gentle treatment are provided: the food is prepared grated or chopped without spices. You can use dairy products, only non-acidic and fresh. The range of cold dishes is limited.
It includes:
- granular and spawn caviar;
- cheese mass;
- boiled low-fat fish;
- dishes from boiled (low-fat) meat, chopped or grated to a state of paste.
Soups are on the menu of all treatment tables.For diet No. 1, prepared first courses of cereals and vegetables, dairy and sweet foods, fruit and starch are prepared. Observe the temperature of the food (not higher than 65 and not lower than 15 ° C).
The size of one serving of soup is 400-500 g, for diets No. 7 and 10 - 250 grams. Before serving, add fresh chopped greens to the plate. In diet No. 2, soups are prepared on concentrated milk broths with finely chopped vegetables. For table No. 5 - dressing first courses on vegetable broths or water, without onions. Stew vegetables and stew, but do not passer. Useful cold borsch and okroshka in the summer.
Hot second courses for tables No. 1 and 2 are prepared from low-fat varieties of meat, boiled or steamed fish, chicken, and use minced meat. Porridge is prepared liquid and mashed. Souffle and mashed potatoes are made from vegetables (cabbage, radish, turnip are excluded from the menu). For table number 5, in addition to the listed dishes, low-fat cheese is recommended. The size of one serving is 250 grams.
It is interesting:carbohydrate-free diet
Contraindications
The choice of the type of food during treatment in a hospital and at home must be entrusted to a doctor. Only a specialist can recommend an optimal diet, taking into account all the indications.
If certain products are intolerant, they are excluded from the menu.
Possible food allergies to milk, eggs, some vegetables and fruits, fish or meat. The doctor will help you make the right menu after the patient passes blood tests for allergens, a thorough medical examination. In the acute stage, varieties of diet tables according to Pevzner with more stringent restrictions are prescribed.
During the therapeutic diet, irregular meals, alcohol, smoking, emotional stress are contraindicated. Responsible physical activity and compliance with the doctor's recommendations regarding diet will help to quickly restore health.
